Zhao, Xinhong, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 200 (2022): 273-284.
Materials with good hemostatic properties have recently attracted widespread attention in the scientific community. In this study, a new material, tranexamic acid (TA)-modified porous starch (TAMPS), was prepared by esterification. By exploring the relevant hemostatic mechanisms, TAMPS can promote coagulation through rapid fluid absorption and high red blood cell aggregation capacity.
Synthesis of TAMPS:
1. Dissolve 2 g of starch in 100 mL of sodium hydrogen phosphate and citric acid buffer solution (pH 4.5). Place the solution in a 50 °C water bath and stir mechanically at 500 rpm. Then, under magnetic stirring, add α-amylase and glucoamylase to the solution for 6 hours. Adjust the alkalinity of the solution to pH 12 by adding 0.5 M sodium hydroxide. Continue stirring for 30 minutes, then centrifuge at 5500 rpm for 5 minutes. Wash three times with deionized water and freeze-dry to obtain enzyme-hydrolyzed starch, which is the porous starch (PS).
2. Dissolve 5 g of BOC-tranexamic acid (BOC-TA) in 50 mL of dichloromethane and stir magnetically at 500 rpm at 30 °C. Then, add 200 μL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 2.8 mL of thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to the solution and stir for 3 hours. After evaporation, obtain the BOC-amidocarbonyl chloride powder.
3. Add 2 g of PS to 100 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide at 80 °C and stir magnetically at 500 rpm. Add 10 g of BOC-amidocarbonyl chloride and stir for 8 hours. Centrifuge at 5500 rpm for 10 minutes, wash three times with deionized water, centrifuge again, and freeze-dry for 24 hours to obtain TAMPS.
Xing, Mengzhen, et al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 600 (2021): 120406.
Tranexamic acid (TA)-containing soluble microneedle (DMN) patches can be used for the treatment of melasma.
Preparation of Soluble Microneedles: Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in deionized water at high temperature (80 °C), and dissolve polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at room temperature to obtain a matrix solution composed of 8% PVA and 2% PVP. Add tranexamic acid (TA) and licorice extract (LIC) into the matrix solution to obtain an active ingredient solution containing 44 mg/mL TA and 2 mg/mL LIC. Adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5 to obtain a uniform and stable microneedle solution. Pour the microneedle solution into a mold made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Then, using a vacuum method, fill each microneedle unit and dry it at room temperature by blowing air.
Mohamed, Sara Saber Younes, et al. Materials Today Communications 34 (2023): 105198.
The aim of this study was to develop a hemostatic agent based on macroporous mesoporous silica particles for use in bleeding control. Mesoporous silica microspheres (MSM) with a particle size of 1.5 - 5 µm and a pore size of 25 nm were successfully synthesized and, for the first time, loaded with 4.7% w/w tranexamic acid (TXA). The hemostatic activity of the pure material and the TXA-loaded material (TXA@MSM) was evaluated. Based on the results, TXA@MSM can be considered a promising material for the development of novel hemostatic agents.
TXA Loading: TXA was loaded using water as the solvent through an initial wet impregnation technique. This method is simple, fast, economical, and green because it does not require any organic solvents, making it suitable for potential future industrial transfer. During impregnation, 15 mg of TXA was dissolved in 0.36 mL of water, and the solution was added dropwise to 285 mg of MSM, achieving a nominal TXA content of approximately 5% w/w. The slurry was vigorously stirred with a spatula, and the sample was dried overnight at room temperature. The resulting material was designed as TXA@MSM.
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