By disarranging the layer of lipid of the stratum corneum and by keratin’s denaturation, ionic surfactants improve transdermal absorption. One of the most excellent and well-organized enhancers of percutaneous absorption is azone.
Surfactants are able to decrease surface and interfacial tension at the interfaces between gases, liquids, and solids, thus enabling them to blend or diffuse voluntarily like emulsions in water or other liquids. For pharmaceutical products poorly soluble in water, the use of surfactants is inevitable to reduce the interfacial tension between the medium and the drug and to increase solubility of drugs. In addition, surfactants serve many other roles in pharmaceutical preparations. As the increasing application in the field of medicine, the demand of pharmaceutical surfactants is increasing as well.
Surfactants serve multiple roles in pharmaceutical preparations including[1]:
By disarranging the layer of lipid of the stratum corneum and by keratin’s denaturation, ionic surfactants improve transdermal absorption. One of the most excellent and well-organized enhancers of percutaneous absorption is azone.
To delay sedimentation of the floccules, a suspending agent is added regularly. For example, through the incorporation of an anionic electrolyte like monobasic potassium phosphate, flocculating a positively charged particles are completed.
Mouthwashes are frequently in the strenuous state comprising of one or more active constituents or excipients. Surfactants are employed as they assist in the debris’ exclusion via delivering foaming action and in the flavors’ solubilization.
Surfactants is employed in mixture with additional oxygen and motorized ventilation to treat hyaline membrane disease. The exogenous surfactants are either produced or derived from animals.
Numerous nonionic surface-active agents, such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene stearates, and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, have been established as suppository vehicles.
The surfactants and aerosol suspensions combination have been the highest prosperous. These surfactants use their action by coating all of the particles in suspension and turn at the solid-liquid interface.
As cleansers surfactants can emulsify inorganic compounds, lipids and stored oils over contact lenses. The constituents in such cleansers typically contain a wetting agent, nonionic detergent, preservatives, and buffers.
Because the monomers of surfactants can interrupt hypothetically the membrane function and reliability, surfactants affect the absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract in humans.
The penetration of drugs over the skin may be affected by surfactants. For example, combination of polysorbate 20 and propylene glycol can be used as absorption auxiliaries in transdermal penetration of drugs.
Surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds are those compounds which have antibacterial activity in themselves. On the cell surface, surfactants are adsorbed and bring about destruction by enhancing the leakiness or permeability of the cell membrane of the lipid.
To synthesize a suitable homogeneous dispersion, surfactants have been applied to a high level. Long-chain fatty acid esters of polyhydroxylic compounds containing glycerol, glycols, and sorbitol esters of stearic, oleic, palmitic, and lauric acid represent this sequence.
modulating solubility and bioavailability of APIs; increasing the stability of active ingredients in the dosage forms; helping active ingredients to maintain preferred polymorphic forms; maintaining the pH and/or osmolality of liquid formulations; acting as antioxidants, and disintegrants; etc.
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