Yan, Wentao, et al. Advances in colloid and interface science 284 (2020): 102267.
Tannic acid is one of the most well-known polyphenols, which has attracted widespread attention in the membrane field. Currently, the applications of tannic acid mainly focus on three aspects: membrane surface modification, interlayer and selective layer construction, and mixed matrix membrane development.
Membrane Surface Modification
Tannic acid can be easily adsorbed onto almost all kinds of substrates. Therefore, it is natural to directly modify the membrane surface using tannic acid through coating methods. Furthermore, tannic acid can form non-covalent and/or covalent interactions with materials. On the one hand, tannic acid can act as a bridge to introduce other functional materials onto the membrane surface for modification. On the other hand, tannic acid can be co-deposited with co-components to modify the membrane surface.
Interlayer and Selective Layer Construction
The most distinctive structural feature of tannic acid is its abundant phenolic groups, which are highly reactive. Firstly, the phenols can undergo ionic reactions with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. Secondly, due to the relatively weak bond dissociation energy of the phenolic O-H bond, phenoxy radicals can be formed, leading to C-O and C-C radical coupling reactions. Thirdly, the oxidized tannic acid can form α-hydroxy ortho-quinones, which can serve as nucleophiles and/or electrophiles, as well as (hetero)dienes and/or dienophiles in Diels-Alder reactions. Given the reactivity of the phenolic groups, the functionalization of tannic acid has vast potential. Moreover, due to the multiple phenolic groups, i.e., multiple reactive sites, tannic acid can be used as a building block for the construction of crosslinked membranes.
Mixed Matrix Membrane Development
Surface modification of fillers is a general method to improve polymer-filler compatibility and achieve good dispersion of fillers in solvents. Tannic acid can be easily used to modify almost all kinds of fillers and form strong interactions with various polymers. Therefore, tannic acid-based surface modification can provide new approaches to improve polymer-filler compatibility and achieve good dispersion of fillers in aqueous or non-aqueous environments.
Hailong, Fan, et al. Supramolecular Hydrogel Formation Based on Tannic Acid. (2017).
Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally derived polyphenolic compound with diverse binding capabilities. TA can complex or crosslink macromolecules through multiple types of interactions, including hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, at its multi-binding sites. It can also coordinate with metal ions to form TA-metal networks. Therefore, TA is an excellent candidate for forming hydrogels.
Hydrogel Formation
Hydrogel formation based on PVP, PEG, and PSS: Taking PVP400TA40 (3:5) as an example: First, 40 mg of TA is dissolved in 0.2 g of water, and then PVP (aq) (400 mg of PVP dissolved in 0.75 g of water) is added to the TA (aq) solution. After stirring, the mixture becomes a light yellow, transparent solution. Subsequently, 0.05 g of FeCl3 (aq) (containing 6.4 mg of FeCl3) is added to the PVP-TA solution under stirring (the final molar ratio of TA:Fe3+ is 3:5). The pH is adjusted to 6.1 using 3 M NaOH, and the mixture self-crosslinks into a hydrogel.
Shin, Mikyung, et al. Nature biomedical engineering 2.5 (2018): 304-317.
Tannic acid (TA) is a flavonoid-like compound found in plants that can adhere to the extracellular matrix, elastin, and collagen, enhancing their specific targeting to cardiac tissue. Tannic acid-modified (TANNylated) proteins do not get sequestered in the endothelial glycocalyx of blood vessels, but they can penetrate the endothelium and thermodynamically bind to the extracellular matrix of cardiomyocytes before being internalized.
Preparation of TANNylated GFP
A TA solution (10 mM) and a GFP solution (238 μg ml-1 in PBS, pH 7.4) were prepared. They were then vigorously mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio to perform GFP TANNylation, achieving the following [TA]/[GFP] stoichiometric ratios: 14, 72, 143, 214, 286, 714, and 1,428. During the mixing process, the [GFP] was fixed, while the TA solution was serially diluted in PBS (pH 7.4) to 0.1 ([TA]/[GFP]=14), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5, and 10 ([TA]/[GFP]=1,428) mM. All samples were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. For ex vivo MAP measurements, the TANNylated GFP solution ([TA]/[GFP]=143) was used as a stock solution, and it was further diluted in PBS to prepare the working solution for recording cardiac MAPs. For in vivo and ex vivo studies, TANNylated GFP was centrifuged using Amicon filters (3 kDa, 0.5 ml capacity) and washed more than five times to completely remove any free TA.
What is the CAS number for Tannic Acid?
The CAS number for Tannic Acid is 1401-55-4.
What is the chemical formula of commercial tannic acid often given as?
The chemical formula for commercial tannic acid is often given as C76H52O46.
What is the weak acidity of tannic acid due to?
The weak acidity of tannic acid is due to the numerous phenol groups in the structure.
How many grams of tannic acid dissolve in one litre of water?
2850 grams of tannic acid dissolve in one litre of water.
From which plant parts is commercial tannic acid usually extracted?
Commercial tannic acid is usually extracted from Tara pods, gallnuts, or Sicilian Sumac leaves.
Are extracts from chestnut or oak wood considered tannic acid according to international pharmacopoeia?
N- o, extracts from chestnut or oak wood are not considered tannic acid according to international pharmacopoeia.
What is often wrongly included in scholarly articles as tannic acid?
The terms green tea and black tea are often wrongly included in scholarly articles as tannic acid.
Why is tannic acid not an appropriate standard for any type of tannin analysis?
Tannic acid is not an appropriate standard for any type of tannin analysis because of its poorly defined composition.
What is the IUPAC Name of Tannic Acid?
The IUPAC Name of Tannic Acid is [2,3-Dihydroxy-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxycarbonyl]phenyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate.
What is the typical application of Tannic Acid?
The typical application of Tannic Acid is as an antioxidant.
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