Wang, Zilong, et al. Food Hydrocolloids 159 (2025): 110609.
Tamarind seed gum (TG) was investigated as a novel emulsifier in combination with whey protein isolate (WPI) for stabilizing high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), offering a promising solution for patients with dysphagia, who have limited food options. The study focused on the development of WPI-TG complexes, which were formulated at different ratios and pH values, to stabilize the HIPEs.
Rheological analysis revealed that WPI-TG-based HIPEs exhibited shear thinning behavior, high storage modulus, and excellent recovery ability, making them suitable for swallowing with reduced risk. The formulations with WPI concentrations of 10 wt% and TG concentrations varying from 2 to 5 wt% showed significant stability at pH values ranging from 3 to 7. These emulsions maintained a stable structure with an oil phase concentration of 75 wt%, ensuring optimal texture and consistency for patients' consumption.
The study demonstrated that the WPI-TG complexes were effective in forming stable HIPEs, and the emulsions exhibited characteristics that minimized the risk of choking or aspiration, which are critical considerations in dysphagia management. This work opens new possibilities for utilizing tamarind seed gum as an emulsifier to create safer and more diverse food formulations for individuals with swallowing difficulties.
Wang, Xun, et al. Advanced Powder Technology 34.6 (2023): 104022.
This study investigates the use of tamarind seed gum (TSG) as a selective depressant in the flotation separation of apatite from dolomite in a sodium oleate (NaOL) collector system. The flotation performance was analyzed by varying pH and reagent concentrations. Results indicated that TSG effectively depressed dolomite flotation without significantly affecting apatite flotation. Optimal conditions for separation were found at pH 9.0, with 10 mg/L TSG and 40 mg/L NaOL, achieving a recovery of 80.28% for apatite and 3.46% for dolomite, and a concentrate grade of 35.86% P2O5 with 76% P2O5 recovery in mixed ore flotation.
The adsorption mechanism of TSG was further investigated using AFM, zeta potential measurements, FT-IR, and XPS spectra. TSG adsorbed on apatite primarily via hydrogen bonds, while on dolomite, it adsorbed through chemical bonds. This difference in adsorption strength explained the selective depression of dolomite, as NaOL could still adsorb strongly on apatite but was impeded on dolomite by TSG. XPS analysis revealed that the Ca and Mg sites on dolomite were the primary interaction sites for TSG.
This work demonstrates that tamarind seed gum can be used as a novel, selective depressant for the flotation separation of apatite from dolomite, offering an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for phosphate resource utilization.
Nandi, Gouranga, Abhijit Changder, and Lakshmi Kanta Ghosh. Carbohydrate polymers 215 (2019): 213-225.
In this study, polyacrylamide-grafted-tamarind seed gum (PAAm-g-TSG) was synthesized using a free radical grafting method assisted by microwave irradiation, with ceric (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) acting as the initiator. The impact of monomer concentration, CAN dosage, and microwave irradiation time (MW) on the grafting process was evaluated. The highest grafting percentage (890.3%) was achieved with 10 g of acrylamide, 400 mg of CAN, and 1 minute of microwave exposure.
Characterization of the grafted TSG was conducted using elemental analysis, FTIR, solid-state 13C NMR, DSC, TGA, XRD, viscosity measurements, and SEM. The results confirmed the successful grafting of polyacrylamide onto tamarind seed gum, revealing its non-toxic and biodegradable nature.
The flocculating efficiency of PAAm-g-TSG was tested in a paracetamol suspension, where all grafted batches exhibited good flocculating properties. The S11 batch, with the highest grafting percentage (890.3%), demonstrated the most efficient flocculation, with a degree of flocculation (β) of 5.14 ± 0.26.
This study highlights the potential of PAAm-g-TSG as an efficient, environmentally friendly flocculant, demonstrating its significant utility in wastewater treatment and other flocculation applications.
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