Bhadani, A., Kafle, A., Ogura, T., Akamatsu, M., Sakai, K., Sakai, H., & Abe, M. (2019). Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(16), 6235-6242.
Ester-based anionic surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate (SLSA) is one of the most crucial surfactant ingredients in various personal care products, yet there are no scientific reports on its lyotropic and thermotropic phase behavior in water.
The phase behavior of surfactant-water systems was studied using DSC experiments. The thermograms revealed that each individual surfactant-water system exhibited a broad endothermic peak at a specific temperature, indicating the phase transition temperature. Above the phase transition temperature, these surfactant systems formed different types of thermotropic phases depending on the hydrophobic alkyl tail length and the concentration of the surfactant in water. These surfactants formed various types of birefringent materials.
Single samples of 40 wt.% SLSA and SMSA in water formed coexisting Lβ and Cr phases at room temperature, which could be observed via POM. At the same surfactant concentration, water containing 40 wt.% SLSA exhibited an endothermic peak between 34.4-41.8 °C, while SMSA showed an endothermic peak between 42.4-48.9 °C. Above their respective phase transition temperatures, these surfactants formed micellar (L1) and lamellar liquid crystalline phases (Lα). The SAXS and WAXS profiles of 40 wt.% surfactant concentration in water at 25 °C and 50 °C further confirmed the presence of coexisting Lβ and Cr phases at room temperature and the presence of L1 and Lα phases above their respective phase transition temperatures.
Naghash, Hamid Javaherian, Akram Karimzadeh, and Ahmad Reza Massah. Journal of applied polymer science 112.2 (2009): 1037-1044.
Copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene (St) exhibit excellent film-forming properties, gloss, transparency, and mechanical performance, rendering them suitable for a wide range of applications such as coatings, paints, and adhesives. However, their poor resistance to UV radiation and low (or high) temperature limits their usability. In contrast, organosilicon compounds offer exceptional properties like high flexibility and hydrophobicity, low surface tension, low glass transition temperature (Tg), weather resistance, and excellent thermal stability. Novel core-shell latex particles with polyacrylate or polystyrene as the core and polysiloxane as the shell have been successfully synthesized via a specialized seed emulsion polymerization.
Polymer emulsions were prepared via the emulsion copolymerization of St/butyl acrylate (BA) monomers catalyzed by NP-40 and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA).
Polymerization Procedure
The semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization was conducted in a 500 mL five-neck round-bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser, stainless steel agitator, sampling device, and two independent feed streams. The first feed stream contained a solution of BA, St, methacrylic acid (MAA), silicone, and anionic surfactant. The second feed stream was a 7.8 x 10-3 mol/L initiator solution. Prior to the emulsion copolymerization, the required amounts of water, SLSA (as an emulsifier), TSPP, and initiator solution were sequentially added to the reaction vessel. During polymerization, the reaction mixture was stirred at a speed of 50 rpm, and the temperature was maintained at 63°C. After 5 minutes, 10% of the total monomer mixture was added to the flask over 13 minutes. The stirring rate was then increased to 300 rpm, and the temperature was raised to 80 °C, maintaining these conditions until the end of the polymerization process, which took approximately 3 hours.
Jundam, Noor Era Fazirah, Normadyzah Ahmad, and Siti Wahidah Puasa. Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 3.2 (2020): 60-66.
Activated carbon was modified by impregnation with the plant-based anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and tested to determine whether the surfactant improves the efficiency of activated carbon in removing cadmium ions from cadmium chloride (CdCl2) aqueous solution.
Impregnation of Activated Carbon with SLSA
The SLSA solution was prepared by incubating it at 60 °C while shaking at 130 rpm in an incubator shaker for 4 hours. The concentrations of SLSA prepared were 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 mg/L. After incubation, the solution was allowed to cool, followed by the addition of 2 mg of granular activated carbon. Before the impregnation process, the flask containing the activated carbon and SLSA was wrapped in aluminum foil. This was done to prevent any interactions between the light and the surfactant-impregnated activated carbon (SIAC) that might affect the reaction. The wrapped flask was then incubated overnight at 60 °C with shaking at 130 rpm.
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