Budinčić, Jelena Milinković, et al. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2021, 251, 116988.
In cosmetics, vitamin E is relatively unstable and sensitive to high temperature, oxygen and light, and needs to be protected through microencapsulation technology. Using a spray drying method, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES)/chitosan (Ch) composites were developed as microcapsules for encapsulating vitamin E.
Preparation of SLES/Ch encapsulated vitamin E microcapsules
· Microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation between cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan and oppositely charged anionic surfactant.
· A O/W emulsions were prepared at the oil:water mass ratio 20:80, where the oil phase was enriched with vitamin E (10 % solution in medium-chain triglycerides). These emulsions were stabilized by the mixture of Ch and SLES.
· Then, 2 % aerosil was added to the emulsions, in order to separate agglomerated droplets. Addition of FA and GA in mass ratio 1:1 and 1:2 (Ch:FA, Ch:GA) to some of the emulsions followed homogenization. Cross-linking process was continued for 2 h with slowly stirring.
· Next, the emulsions were spray dried in a Mini Spray Dryer with a standard 0.7 mm nozzle, whereby microcapsules in the form of a powder were obtained.
Caracciolo, Anna Barra, et al. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 226, 94-103.
· Characteristics of SLES as a foaming agent
(1) Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is an anionic surfactant used for soil conditioning in the excavation industry, particularly as a lubricant for mechanized tunnel construction. Foaming agents are typically used in tunnelling excavation between 0.1 and 3 L/m3 of soil.
(2) Soil debris produced during excavation processes and reused can be a hazard for many aquatic species if SLES is not biodegraded.
(3) The biodegradation studies conducted in aerobic conditions and using enrichment cultures showed SLES to be readily biodegradable.
· Analytical methods of ELES in soils
(1) Preliminary extraction and preconcentration phase: soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), etc.
(2) Analytical determination in the liquid extract: liquid-liquid extraction with the addition of methylene blue active substances MBAS, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence (FL) detector, and more.
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