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Sangeetha, Baskaran, et al. Bioresource Technology 376 (2023): 128880.
Ricinus communis seed oil (RCO), a non-edible oil rich in free fatty acids, was effectively utilized as a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production through a one-pot transesterification process. The reaction was catalyzed by a novel basic ionic liquid, 1-(2,3-dihydroxy)-propyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide, under optimized conditions: 6.26% catalyst loading, 10.51:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 57.87 °C, and 61.01 minutes of reaction time. A high biodiesel yield of 97.83% was achieved, with a calculated activation energy of 37.60 kJ/mol, indicating favorable reaction kinetics.
The process was designed to be technically efficient and economically viable. Technoeconomic simulation revealed a total annual revenue of \$20.46 million, with gross margins of 23.54%, a return on investment of 35.72%, and an internal rate of return of 28.20%. The net present value was estimated at \$19.29 million, with a payback period of 2.8 years. Sensitivity analysis identified the RCO feedstock cost and biodiesel market price as the most influential economic factors.
Experimentally, the transesterification was conducted in a 250 mL conical flask with magnetic stirring and heating. Post-reaction, the biodiesel phase was purified via hot water washing, while the glycerol byproduct and the catalyst were separated and recovered.
This case highlights RCO's potential as a cost-effective, renewable substrate for green fuel synthesis using environmentally friendly catalytic systems.
Adeboye, Samuel, et al. Industrial Crops and Products 214 (2024): 118475.
Ricinus communis seed oil (CSO) was successfully utilized as a bio-based polyol in the one-pot synthesis of surface-engineered polyurethane (PU) hybrid coatings incorporating modified graphene oxide (GO). Through a urethane-forming reaction involving 4,4'-diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI), trimethylolpropane (TMP), and CSO in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), well-defined PU-GO nanocomposites were fabricated. GO was dispersed at various weight percentages (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) and integrated via sonication and controlled thermal reaction (75-78 °C, 3 h) to yield thin, uniform films.
Comprehensive characterization by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed the incorporation of phenolic and epoxy functionalities from GO into the PU matrix. Thermal stability was assessed by TGA, showing improved degradation resistance with increased GO loading. Notably, the hydrophobicity of the coating films increased proportionally with GO content, as evidenced by water contact angle measurements. Moreover, the PU-GO hybrid films demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial and anticorrosive properties, attributed to the synergistic effects of GO nanofillers and the robust urethane network derived from renewable CSO.
This study highlights the value of Ricinus communis seed oil as a sustainable raw material for the development of functional polymer nanocomposites, particularly in protective coatings with dual bioactivity and durability.
Siyanbola, Tolutope O., et al. Scientific African 20 (2023): e01711.
Ricinus communis seed oil (RCSO), a sustainable and biodegradable feedstock, was utilized for the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite coatings through a one-pot reaction involving 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (TMP) as a cross-linker, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and cenosphere fly ash (CFA) nanoparticles as functional fillers. The formulation capitalizes on RCSO's hydroxyl-rich structure, enabling effective urethane linkage formation and incorporation into polymer matrices.
The hybrid RCSO-PU-CFA composites were fabricated under ultrasonic pre-treatment followed by controlled thermal polymerization at 78 °C. Structural elucidation via FT-IR and NMR confirmed successful urethane formation and CFA modification, as evidenced by characteristic (Al=O), (Si-O-Si), and (AlO₄) absorptions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the integration of CFA significantly improved thermal stability, with decomposition onset temperatures increasing proportionally to CFA content.
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrated homogenous CFA dispersion within the polymer matrix, contributing to enhanced barrier properties. Moreover, the coatings exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating their potential for hygienic surface applications.
This study highlights RCSO as a promising green precursor for the development of advanced PU-based nanocomposites, offering improved environmental compatibility, thermal performance, and antimicrobial functionality for use in protective and functional coatings.
What is the IUPAC name of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The IUPAC name of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is 2,3-Bis[[(Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate.
What is the molecular weight of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The molecular weight of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is 933.43.
What is the molecular formula of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The molecular formula of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is C57H104O9.
What is the SMILES representation of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The SMILES representation of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is CCCCCCC(O)C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CC(O)CCCCCC.
What is the InChI of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The InChI of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N.
What is the boiling point of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The boiling point of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is 313 °C (lit.).
What is the melting point of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The melting point of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is -10 °C.
What is the density of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
The density of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil is 0.955g/ml.
What percentage of actives does Ricinus Communis Seed Oil contain?
Ricinus Communis Seed Oil contains 95% actives.
What are some typical applications of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil?
Some typical applications of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil include its use as a lubricant, dispersing agent, emulsion stabilizer, and lubricating oil.
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