What is the chemical formula of Quinine?
The chemical formula of Quinine is C20H24N2O2.
What is the primary pharmacological mechanism of action of Quinine?
Quinine is a potent schizontocidal agent against all human plasmodial species.
What are the indications for using Quinine?
Quinine is the drug of choice in the treatment of severe and complicated chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria. It is also useful for the treatment of non-severe chloroquine-resistant cases.
What are the side effects commonly associated with Quinine?
The side effects commonly seen at therapeutic concentrations are known as cinchonism, which include ringing in the ears, impairment of hearing, headache, nausea, vertigo, vision changes, and more severe symptoms in acute intoxication.
What are the contraindications for using Quinine?
Quinine should be avoided in patients who are hypersensitive to the drug, as well as in patients with optic neuritis and myasthenia gravis, and those with certain cardiac conditions.
What interactions should be considered when administering Quinine?
Quinine can increase digoxin plasma levels and interact with cimetidine by reducing clearance. It also shares most of the drug interactions seen with quinidine.
What are the preparations of Quinine available for use?
Various preparations of Quinine salts are available, including hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulphate, and bisulphate salts.
What are the main uses of Quinine?
Quinine is used for the treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, and it can also be used in combination with other medications for malaria treatment.
What is the pharmacokinetics of Quinine?
Quinine undergoes rapid and complete oral absorption, reaching peak plasma concentration within 1 to 3 hours. It has a plasma protein binding rate of about 70% and a half-life of 7 to 8 hours.
What are some of the potential side effects of using Quinine?
Potential side effects of using Quinine include cinchona reaction, characterized by nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, headache, vision hearing loss, as well as specific reactions like acute hemolysis.
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