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Wang, Xiaopeng, et al. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 560 (2019): 384-392.
Potassium humate (HA-K), rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, serves as an effective precursor for the synthesis of advanced adsorbent materials. In this study, HA-K was utilized to prepare Fe₃O₄/graphene nanocomposites with high adsorption capacity toward hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in aqueous solutions. The synthetic approach involved dissolving 0.5 g of HA-K in deionized water, followed by coordination with FeCl₃·6H₂O under thermal stirring at 70 °C for 12 hours. The resulting mixture was oven-dried, ground with NaCl (1:15 weight ratio), and then thermally treated at 500-700 °C under an argon atmosphere to yield composite materials denoted S-500, S-600, and S-700.
Among them, the S-600 sample exhibited the highest performance, achieving a maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 280.6 mg/g-significantly surpassing conventional and graphene-based adsorbents. Structural analysis revealed that the uniform distribution of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles within the graphene matrix contributed to the high surface area and abundant active sites.
This study highlights the multifunctional utility of potassium humate as both a carbon and heteroatom source for the fabrication of magnetic graphene composites. The derived materials offer not only excellent environmental remediation potential but also simple synthesis and recyclability, positioning HA-K-based Fe₃O₄/graphene nanocomposites as competitive candidates for industrial wastewater treatment applications.
Huang, Guangxu, et al. Electrochimica Acta 196 (2016): 450-456.
Potassium humate, a naturally derived organic material rich in oxygenated functional groups and aromatic frameworks, has been demonstrated as an effective precursor for the preparation of reduced graphite oxide material (RGOM). In this study, potassium humate underwent direct carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere at 700 °C for one hour, yielding RGOM with a high specific surface area of 463 m²/g and a carbon-to-oxygen atomic ratio of 6.3-closely resembling that of conventional reduced graphite oxide.
The carbonization process involved heating potassium humate at a controlled rate of 5 °C/min, followed by post-treatment with dilute HCl and distilled water to remove residual inorganic impurities. The final drying step at 110 °C produced a structurally ordered, layered carbon material with potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, and energy storage.
For thermal behavior comparisons, materials labeled GOM3 and RGOM9 were synthesized at 300 °C and 900 °C, respectively, while RGOM12 and RGOM15 were obtained at 1200 °C and 1500 °C under argon. The study confirmed that potassium humate acts as a versatile, low-cost carbon source, enabling controlled synthesis of graphene-like structures without requiring strong oxidants or elaborate purification.
These findings highlight potassium humate's potential in sustainable carbon material synthesis, offering a green route to produce functionalized graphitic nanomaterials for advanced environmental and energy-related applications.
Yang, Z., Wu, H., Yan, X., Bekchanov, D., Kong, D., & Su, X. (2024). Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 699, 134721.
In a novel valorization strategy for cotton textile waste, potassium humate (HA-K) was employed as a key precursor for synthesizing high-performance aluminum-doped biochar (Al/BC) via low-temperature pyrolysis. This approach not only mitigates solid waste accumulation but also generates an advanced adsorbent with excellent Cr(VI) removal capacity from aqueous systems.
The synthesis began with the dissolution of 0.5 g of HA-K in deionized water, followed by pH adjustment and the introduction of 0-30 mmol of Al³⁺ (from AlCl₃·6H₂O). After precipitation and drying, the HA-K-Al composite underwent pyrolysis at 600 °C under nitrogen. The resulting Al/BC materials were acid-etched, neutralized, freeze-dried, and labeled according to Al³⁺ molarity (e.g., Al/BC-15).
Characterization of Al/BC-15 revealed significant improvements compared to undoped samples: the specific surface area increased from 6.47 m²/g to 566.94 m²/g, while Raman spectra showed increased structural disorder (ID/IG = 0.92). Functional group analysis confirmed the incorporation of oxygen-rich moieties (C-O-C, C=O), crucial for adsorption interactions. Al/BC-15 demonstrated an impressive Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 176.23 mg/g, attributed to electrostatic attraction, Al-O-Cr(VI) complexation, and partial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) via C-Al active sites.
This study highlights HA-K as a sustainable and cost-effective feedstock for advanced adsorbent fabrication from textile waste, offering promising applications in environmental remediation.
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