Fan, Hengfeng, et al. Applied Surface Science 288 (2014): 193-200.
To enhance the stability, solubility, and skin retention of phenylethyl resorcinol (PR), a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system was developed using the hot high-pressure homogenization method.
The formulation process began with the preparation of a lipid phase composed of solid lipids (glyceryl monostearate, ACETEM, and behenyl alcohol) and a liquid lipid (oleyl oleate). These components were heated to 70°C to ensure complete melting. PR (3%) was then dissolved into the lipid phase, forming a homogenous lipid melt. Meanwhile, the aqueous phase, consisting of water and a surfactant blend (Sympatens-O/100G and Sympatens-AS/020G), was heated to the same temperature.
Next, the aqueous phase was added to the lipid melt under continuous stirring at 600 rpm for 5 minutes, followed by high-speed dispersion using an Ultra-Turrax at 8000 rpm for 30 seconds. The resulting pre-emulsion was then subjected to three cycles of high-pressure homogenization at 300 bar and 70°C, ensuring uniform nanoparticle formation. The final dispersion was allowed to cool at room temperature, leading to the solidification of lipid droplets and the incorporation of PR into the lipid matrix.
This method yielded a stable PR-NLC system with sustained drug release properties and enhanced skin penetration, demonstrating its potential as an advanced delivery vehicle for topical applications.
Amnuaikit, Thanaporn, et al. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13.5 (2018): 472-484.
To improve the solubility, stability, and skin permeability of phenylethyl resorcinol (PR), novel vesicular carriers-transfersomes and invasomes-were developed using a modified thin-film hydration method.
First, the lipid phase, consisting of soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol (CHOL), PR, and specific skin penetration enhancers, was dissolved in absolute ethanol. The aqueous phase varied based on the vesicle type: deionized water for liposomes and transfersomes, and a hydro-ethanolic solution (containing 10% v/v ethanol) for invasomes.
Both phases were separately sonicated at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The ethanol in the lipid phase was then removed using a rotary evaporator, forming a thin lipid film on the flask wall. This film was subsequently hydrated with 10 mL of the aqueous phase under continuous shaking for 5 minutes.
Finally, the vesicle suspensions were subjected to an additional sonication step at 60°C for 30 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion and complete formulation. Transfersomes incorporated surfactants such as Tween 80, Span 80, and sodium deoxycholate (SDC), whereas invasomes utilized natural terpenes (fenchone, citral, and d-limonene) as skin penetration enhancers.
This systematic preparation process yielded PR-loaded vesicles with enhanced flexibility, improved stability, and superior skin permeability, offering a promising strategy for efficient topical PR delivery.
Limsuwan, Tunyaluk, et al. Biomed research international 2017.1 (2017): 8310979.
To enhance the dermal delivery of phenylethyl resorcinol (PR), ethosome formulations were developed using the thin-film hydration method. Ethosomes, composed of ethanol, phospholipids, and water, offer improved skin permeation compared to conventional liposomes.
The formulation process involved dissolving PR (0.5% w/v), cholesterol (0.5% w/v), and soybean-derived phosphatidylcholine (3% or 6% w/v) in absolute ethanol (10-60% v/v), forming the oil phase. Simultaneously, the aqueous phase was prepared using a hydroethanolic solution of water and ethanol. Both phases were separately sonicated at 60°C for 30 minutes to ensure homogeneity.
The oil phase was transferred into a round-bottom flask, and ethanol was removed under vacuum using a rotary evaporator, resulting in the formation of a thin lipid film. This film was hydrated with 10 mL of the preheated aqueous phase, followed by shaking for 5 minutes. The mixture was then sonicated at 60°C for an additional 30 minutes to obtain the final ethosome dispersion.
The PR-ethosome system exhibited a stable colloidal structure with uniform dispersion. In vitro skin permeation studies using pig skin demonstrated that PR-ethosomes had significantly higher permeability coefficients compared to traditional liposomes, confirming their potential for enhanced transdermal delivery. These findings suggest that PR-loaded ethosomes offer a promising approach for improving the efficacy of PR in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
What is the CAS number of Phenylethyl resorcinol?
The CAS number of Phenylethyl resorcinol is 85-27-8.
What are the synonyms of Phenylethyl resorcinol?
The synonyms of Phenylethyl resorcinol are 1,3-Benzenediol and 4-(1-phenylethyl)-.
What is the molecular weight of Phenylethyl resorcinol?
The molecular weight of Phenylethyl resorcinol is 214.26.
What is the molecular formula of Phenylethyl resorcinol?
The molecular formula of Phenylethyl resorcinol is C14H14O2.
What is the percentage of actives in Phenylethyl resorcinol?
The percentage of actives in Phenylethyl resorcinol is 95%.
What is the physical state of Phenylethyl resorcinol?
The physical state of Phenylethyl resorcinol is solid.
What are the typical applications of Phenylethyl resorcinol?
Phenylethyl resorcinol is typically used as an antioxidant.
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