Yang, Xulin, et al. Polymer Degradation and Stability 224 (2024): 110754.
Phenolphthalein (PP) is commonly used as a functional monomer to design high-performance polymers with tunable thermal, mechanical, and fluorescent properties. In this study, a soluble, amorphous, high-temperature-resistant phenolphthalein-based poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PAEN) was synthesized.
Synthesis of PAEN
The PP-based PAEN was synthesized using phenolphthalein (PP) and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCBN) according to a previously reported procedure. In a nitrogen atmosphere, toluene (8.0 mL), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (20.0 mL), DCBN (10.0 mmol), PP (10.0 mmol), and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) (20.3 mmol) were added into a 150 mL four-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer, water distributor, and condenser. The mixture was stirred at 140°C for 2 hours, during which water produced from the reaction was removed via a separator. Subsequently, toluene was distilled off as the temperature was gradually raised to 200°C. The reaction mixture was maintained at 200°C for an additional 3 hours.
After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was slowly poured into a 0.1 g/L HCl solution and purified by washing repeatedly with deionized water and ethanol. The resulting slurry was vacuum-dried at 120°C for 24 hours, yielding a fluffy white powder of the PP-based PAEN.
Yan, Chuan, et al. Reactive and Functional Polymers 199 (2024): 105911.
Thermoplastic heat-resistant tougheners offer the advantage of improving impact toughness without compromising the original high modulus and temperature resistance of a thermosetting system. However, the poor interfacial compatibility between the thermoplastic and thermoset phases during the curing process can lead to phase separation, reducing the mechanical properties of the system. This study focuses on the preparation of a reactive resin, C-PEKC, which is derived from phenolphthalin/3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and phenolphthalein. The carboxyl groups in C-PEKC participate in the epoxy curing reaction, enhancing the interfacial compatibility of the two phases and ultimately improving the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin.
Synthesis of C-PEKC
In a typical synthesis, C-PEKC was prepared with a molar ratio of 5:5 for phenolphthalein (PHT) to phenolphthalin (PPL). The procedure is as follows:
PHT (9.55 g, 0.03 mol), PPL (9.61 g, 0.03 mol), 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (DFK) (13.092 g, 0.06 mol), anhydrous potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) (12.439 g, 0.09 mol), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (82 mL), and toluene (60 mL) were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a water jacket, under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated and stirred at 150°C for 2 hours under reflux, with a Dean-Stark water trap in place. The toluene was then distilled off, and the reaction continued at 185°C for 1.5 hours.
Next, 100 mL of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) (DMAc/HCl = 9:1, v/v) were added to the polymer mixture, which was stirred for 2 hours. The polymer solution was then poured into a precipitation bath of ethanol and deionized water (ethanol/deionized water = 3:1, v/v), yielding a yellowish-green fibrous polymer. The polymer was washed with deionized water 8 times, then dried and dissolved in DMAc, followed by two acidification steps. After further washing with deionized water for 8 cycles and vacuum drying for 24 hours, the final product was obtained, yielding 27.2 g of white polymer (87.6% yield).
Elmas, Sukriye Nihan Karuk, et al. Talanta 226 (2021): 122166.
A simple-to-assemble colorimetric and "turn-on" fluorescent sensor, termed probe P4SC, based on phenolphthalein, was developed for detecting carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻) in a mixture of ethanol and water (v/v, 80/20, pH = 7, Britton-Robinson buffer).
Synthesis Protocols
Synthesis of Compound A:
The fabrication and characterization of 5,5'-(3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1,1-diyl)bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) (Compound A) were carried out following previously reported procedures. In brief, phenolphthalein (0.1 g, 0.314 mmol) was suspended in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (50 mL) and reacted with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) (0.528 g, 3.77 mmol) to yield Compound A.
Synthesis of Probe P4SC:
4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (0.483 g, 2.89 mmol) was suspended in absolute ethanol (10 mL) and added to a solution of Compound A (0.55 g, 1.36 mmol) in ethanol. The reaction mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 12 hours. After this, the precipitated product, (2E, 2'E)-2,2'-(((3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1,1-diyl)bis(2-hydroxy-5-phenylene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(N-phenyl-hydrazine-carbothioamide) (probe P4SC), was filtered and the unreacted species were removed by washing with excess ethanol. The final yield of the probe P4SC precipitate was 667.0 g (72%) as a white solid obtained under vacuum.
What is the CAS number for Phenolphthalein?
The CAS number for Phenolphthalein is 77-09-8.
What are some synonyms for Phenolphthalein?
Some synonyms for Phenolphthalein are 3,3-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone.
What is the molecular weight of Phenolphthalein?
The molecular weight of Phenolphthalein is 318.32.
What is the molecular formula of Phenolphthalein?
The molecular formula of Phenolphthalein is C20H14O4.
What is the boiling point of Phenolphthalein?
The predicted boiling point of Phenolphthalein is 557.8 °C at 760 mmHg.
What is the physical state of Phenolphthalein?
Phenolphthalein is in a solid physical state.
What is the appearance of Phenolphthalein?
The appearance of Phenolphthalein is powder.
What is the percentage of actives in Phenolphthalein?
Phenolphthalein contains 95% actives.
What are some typical applications of Phenolphthalein?
Phenolphthalein is used as an acid-base indicator, as well as a dispersing agent and emulsifying agent.
How can Phenolphthalein be represented in SMILES notation?
Phenolphthalein can be represented in SMILES notation as C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)OC2(C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O.
CONNECT WITH US
Interested in our Services & Products ?
Need detailed information?
Terms & Conditions
Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Copyright © 2025 Alfa Chemistry. All rights reserved.
PAGE TOP
