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Binkadem, M. S., AlSalem, H. S., Al-Goul, S. T., Alsaggaf, W. T., El Hamd, M. A., & Abdel-Lateef, M. A. (2023). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 299, 122839.
Ninhydrin is used as a key reagent in the fluorogenic derivatization of netilmicin (NTC), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, for the development of a novel spectrofluorimetric assay with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this study, a fluorometric method (NHD method) was designed based on the reaction of NTC with ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde, enabling fluorescence "switch-on" behavior for analytical quantification.
Upon reaction under optimized conditions-specifically heating at 80 °C for 20 minutes in a buffered medium (pH 7.2)-ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde effectively condense with NTC to form a highly fluorescent product. The emission was recorded at λ_emis = 482.2 nm following excitation at λ_ex = 385.8 nm. This method demonstrated linearity in the concentration range of 1.5-6.0 μg/mL with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.207 μg/mL. The approach was further validated following ICH guidelines and showed strong specificity in the presence of common ophthalmic excipients and co-formulated dexamethasone.
The ninhydrin-based derivatization strategy proved effective in quantifying NTC in various commercial ophthalmic formulations, offering reliable recovery and precision. This study highlights the utility of ninhydrin not only as a classical reagent for amine detection but also as a valuable fluorogenic agent for developing robust analytical platforms for pharmaceutical quality control.
Lange, Erin, and Felicity Carlysle-Davies. Forensic Chemistry 40 (2024): 100597.
Ninhydrin is widely utilized in forensic science for the detection of latent fingerprints due to its ability to react with amino acids present in fingerprint residue, forming a distinct purple-colored compound known as Ruhemann's purple. In this study, ninhydrin was applied as a detection reagent to identify fingerprints deposited on paper materials infused with illicit drugs, a known method for smuggling narcotics into correctional facilities.
A specialized ninhydrin working solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g of ninhydrin in a solvent mixture containing absolute ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid, and then diluting with Novec-71DE engineering fluid. Paper samples bearing both primed and non-primed fingerprints were fully soaked in the reagent and incubated in a humidity chamber at 70 °C for 15 minutes.
The results revealed significant variation in the color intensity and hue of the developed fingerprints depending on the type of drug infused into the paper. Fingerprints ranged in tone from deep purple to blue-grey, indicating potential chemical interactions between ninhydrin and the drug compounds present. These chromatic differences suggest that ninhydrin-based fingerprint development may serve as a rapid, presumptive indicator for the presence of illicit substances in forensic investigations.
This case study highlights the dual role of ninhydrin as both a fingerprint visualization reagent and a forensic screening tool in the detection of drug-smuggling methods.
Wang, Wenying, et al. Fuel 338 (2023): 127275.
Ninhydrin is employed in this study as a chromogenic reagent for the selective quantification of polyetheramine (PEA) detergent additives in gasoline. These additives, which reduce carbon deposits and improve engine performance, typically feature terminal amino groups that allow them to react with ninhydrin to produce Ruhemann's purple-a chromophore with strong absorbance at 560 nm.
Unlike low-molecular-weight amines, PEAs self-assemble into vesicles in organic media, significantly enhancing their reactivity with ninhydrin. This vesicle-assisted enhancement was confirmed through FT-ICR MS and dynamic light scattering. Importantly, disruption of vesicle formation by ethanol addition suppressed the chromogenic reaction, highlighting the structural importance of vesicle integrity for reaction efficiency.
Under optimized "Condition B" (with ethanol evaporation to promote vesicle formation), PEA samples exhibited a clear concentration-dependent chromogenic response, while structurally similar polyethers lacking amino termini showed no such reactivity. The method effectively distinguishes active PEAs from carrier oils and is unaffected by potential interferents such as aniline compounds.
Sample preparation involved pre-concentration of gasoline by nitrogen purging, followed by dissolution in 2-methyl-2-butanol and ninhydrin reaction under controlled heating. Ethanol was later added to improve solubility of the chromogenic product.
This method, with a linear detection range of 50-1000 mg/kg and high accuracy (relative error <10%), offers a rapid, selective, and sensitive analytical approach for evaluating detergent additive content in commercial gasoline formulations.
What is the IUPAC name of Ninhydrin?
The IUPAC name of Ninhydrin is 2,2-Dihydroxyindene-1,3-dione.
What is the molecular weight of Ninhydrin?
The molecular weight of Ninhydrin is 178.14.
What is the chemical formula of Ninhydrin?
The chemical formula of Ninhydrin is C9H6O4.
What is the melting point of Ninhydrin?
The melting point of Ninhydrin is 250 °C (dec.)(lit.).
What is the density of Ninhydrin?
The density of Ninhydrin is 0.862g/ml.
What are some synonyms of Ninhydrin?
Some synonyms of Ninhydrin are 1,3-Indandione, 2,2-dihydroxy- and 1H-Indene-1,3(2H)-dione, 2,2-dihydroxy-.
What percentage of actives does Ninhydrin contain?
Ninhydrin contains 95% actives.
What are the typical applications of Ninhydrin?
Ninhydrin is used as a reagent in the detection of amino acids and as a dispersing agent and emulsifying agent.
What is the pH of Ninhydrin in a 10g/l solution in water at 20°C?
The pH of Ninhydrin in a 10g/l solution in water at 20°C is 4.6-5.0.
What is the InChI Key of Ninhydrin?
The InChI Key of Ninhydrin is InChI=1S/C9H6O4/c10-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)9(7,12)13/h1-4,12-13H.
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