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Cai, WenHu, et al. Algal Research 69 (2023): 102921.
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic phytohormone, has been employed to significantly increase biomass accumulation and carbohydrate content in the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus when used in combination with EDTA-Fe. Under optimized conditions, the addition of 20 mg·L⁻¹ NAA alongside 2 × 10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹ EDTA-Fe resulted in a biomass concentration of 3.32 g·L⁻¹, a substantial increase compared to 1.85 g·L⁻¹ in the control group. Concurrently, the carbohydrate content rose to 46.03%, markedly higher than the 33.02% observed in controls.
Transcriptomic analysis revealed that NAA stimulated key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism pathways, notably glucose phosphate convertase in glycolysis, which enhanced the supply of glucose-1-phosphate-an essential precursor for starch biosynthesis. Additionally, NAA upregulated starch synthase activity, promoting starch elongation, while simultaneously increasing starch hydrolase activity, which accelerated starch turnover and energy release. These dual effects facilitated faster cellular growth and carbohydrate accumulation.
Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis (KEGG) confirmed the activation of glycolysis, starch metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis, elucidating the mechanistic basis for observed physiological improvements.
This study underscores the utility of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as an effective growth regulator to augment biomass yield and carbohydrate productivity in microalgal cultures, supporting its potential application in biofuel production and bioproduct synthesis. The synergistic effect with EDTA-Fe highlights a promising strategy for optimizing algal cultivation processes through targeted metabolic modulation.
Gómez, Diego A., and Ramón O. Carpena. Journal of Plant Physiology 171.15 (2014): 1354-1361.
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin, was investigated for its role in modulating organic acid exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus) cultivated under phosphorus (P) deficiency. This study revealed that exogenous application of NAA significantly stimulated the release of key organic acids-citrate, malate, and succinate-from proteoid roots, a critical adaptation facilitating P mobilization in deficient soils.
The response to NAA was dose-dependent but nonlinear; the optimal concentration identified was 10⁻⁸ M, which induced a more than sixfold increase in citrate exudation relative to untreated controls. Higher doses promoted greater root biomass but shifted root morphology away from proteoid-type roots, thereby reducing organic acid release efficiency. Proton extrusion, contributing to rhizosphere acidification and nutrient solubilization, increased proportionally with NAA concentration, whereas cation release (notably Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) showed an inverse relationship with the auxin dose.
Tissue analysis indicated that shoot citrate and phosphorus levels primarily governed the magnitude of root organic acid exudation, reflecting systemic regulation of nutrient stress responses. NAA-enhanced organic acid secretion was closely linked to improved root/shoot biomass ratio, suggesting hormonal modulation of plant morphology and physiology under P limitation.
This work elucidates 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid's function as a potent enhancer of root exudation processes critical for nutrient acquisition, highlighting its potential utility in agronomic strategies aimed at improving phosphorus bioavailability and crop performance in P-deficient soils.
Bai, Xiang-dong, et al. South African Journal of Botany 184 (2025): 395-398.
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin, plays a critical role in the in vitro propagation of Amygdalus pedunculata, an economically valuable yet endangered shrub utilized for activated carbon, biodiesel production, and environmental restoration. Due to its low natural reproductive capacity and over-harvesting, rapid and large-scale propagation methods are essential for conservation and commercial use.
In this optimized micropropagation protocol, NAA at 0.1 mg/L was combined with 0.3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in half-strength Murashige-Skoog (1/2 MS) medium to induce efficient rooting in regenerated shoots. This auxin synergy significantly enhanced root initiation and development, leading to robust and healthy root systems. The rooting stage was critical to ensuring high survival rates during subsequent acclimatization and ex vitro transfer.
The developed protocol began with explant surface sterilization, followed by bud induction and proliferation on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins and auxins. The rooting induction with NAA and IBA enabled consistent root formation, which, combined with a tailored hardening substrate (peat, perlite, vermiculite, 6:3:1), resulted in successful acclimatization and growth of seedlings.
This case highlights 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid's pivotal role as an auxin regulator in enhancing root morphogenesis during A. pedunculata micropropagation. Its application is instrumental in producing high-quality seedlings at scale, supporting conservation efforts and facilitating industrial exploitation of this ecologically and economically important species.
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