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Willett, Sarah A., and Casimir C. Akoh. LWT 116 (2019): 108566.
Menhaden oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, was used as a lipid phase in the preparation of microencapsulated oleogels to improve oxidative stability and reduce lipid leaching. In this study, menhaden oil and structured lipids (SLs) derived from it-enzymatically synthesized using Lipozyme® 435 with caprylic and/or stearic acid-were converted into oleogels using β-sitosterol/γ-oryzanol or sucrose stearate/ascorbyl palmitate (SSAP) as oleogelators.
The resulting oleogels, along with native menhaden oil and SLs, were encapsulated using a modified double emulsion (internal gelation) technique. Initially, an oil-in-water emulsion was formed using sodium alginate, calcium carbonate, and Span 80. After incorporating the lipid or oleogel, the emulsion was homogenized and dispersed into ice-cold menhaden oil as the external phase. Gelation was triggered by adding acidified oil (containing glacial acetic acid), inducing ionic crosslinking of the alginate. The final microcapsules were washed and stored at 4 °C.
Encapsulation efficiencies improved significantly, reaching up to 99.2% for oleogel-loaded systems. Leaching was reduced to as low as 3.3%, and oxidative stability-measured by Oil Stability Index-was markedly enhanced, reaching up to 29.18 h at 80 °C. These findings confirm that menhaden oil, when structured as an oleogel and microencapsulated, offers a promising route for the development of stable, bioactive delivery systems for food and nutraceutical applications.
Fan, Yuting, et al. Food Chemistry 265 (2018): 200-207.
Menhaden oil, a marine-derived source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was used to prepare emulsions stabilized with whey protein isolate (WPI) and further modified to enhance chemical and digestive stability. In this study, two advanced strategies were employed: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugation of WPI and genipin-mediated interfacial cross-linking (CL) of the protein layer.
WPI-EGCG conjugates were synthesized and verified via SDS-PAGE, ESI-MS, and phenolic content quantification (125.3 mg/g). EGCG conjugation led to smaller emulsion droplet size and increased surface charge, indicating improved interfacial properties and antioxidant activity. In contrast, genipin-induced CL increased particle size but stabilized the emulsion physically without altering zeta potential.
Oxidative stability of menhaden oil emulsions was significantly enhanced by EGCG due to its strong radical scavenging capacity, while CL proved more effective in reducing the extent and rate of lipolysis during in vitro digestion. Notably, the combined use of EGCG and CL showed a synergistic effect-offering the best protection against both oxidation and enzymatic degradation.
This dual-interfacial engineering approach provides a robust system for encapsulating and protecting sensitive oils like menhaden oil in functional foods. The findings offer valuable insight into the design of advanced delivery systems for lipid-based bioactives, with improved shelf-life and digestive control for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications.
Jin, Jun, Siyu Zhang, and Casimir C. Akoh. LWT 156 (2022): 113012.
Menhaden oil, a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), was utilized in the enzymatic synthesis of sn-2 monoacylglycerols (MAGs) enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for use in functional food development. In this study, menhaden oil (MO) was combined with docosahexaenoic acid-rich single cell oil (DHASCO) and subjected to selective alcoholysis using a lipase mixture of Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 435.
Gram-scale reactions were carried out in ethanol at varying MO/DHASCO ratios, enzyme combinations, temperatures (25-65 °C), and times (2-6 h). Optimal conditions (60:40 Lipozyme TL IM:Lipozyme 435 at 45 °C for 4 h) led to high sn-2 MAG yields. For scale-up, reactions were conducted in a 1 L jacketed reactor under nitrogen to minimize oxidation. The resulting products were purified via liquid-liquid extraction with 85% ethanol and hexane (1:1, v/v), effectively separating target MAGs into the ethanol phase.
Advanced analytical techniques including HRMS and 1D/2D NMR were used to verify product composition. Final MAG products contained 69.3-71.5% 2-MAGs, with PUFA content reaching 61.6%, predominantly at the sn-2 position. These structurally specific lipids are known to improve absorption and offer superior health benefits, particularly in neurodevelopment.
This study highlights menhaden oil's value as a substrate for producing nutritionally potent sn-2 PUFA-MAGs, supporting its application in high-value functional lipid formulations.
What is the product name for CAS number 8002-50-4?
The product name is Menhaden oil.
What are some synonyms for Menhaden oil?
Some synonyms for Menhaden oil are Fats and Glyceridic oils, menhaden.
What is the density of Menhaden oil?
The density of Menhaden oil is 0.93g/ml.
What percentage of actives does Menhaden oil contain?
Menhaden oil contains 95% actives.
What is the physical state of Menhaden oil?
The physical state of Menhaden oil is liquid.
What is a typical application of Menhaden oil?
A typical application of Menhaden oil is as an emollient.
What is the CAS number for Menhaden oil?
The CAS number for Menhaden oil is 8002-50-4.
What is the density of Menhaden oil in grams per milliliter?
The density of Menhaden oil is 0.93g/ml.
How much actives does Menhaden oil contain?
Menhaden oil contains 95% actives.
What state of matter is Menhaden oil?
Menhaden oil is a liquid.
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