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Liu, Lu, et al. Food Chemistry 484 (2025): 144400.
Linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, exhibits potent prebiotic effects by promoting intestinal short-chain fatty acid production and supporting beneficial gut microbiota. However, its highly unsaturated structure renders it prone to oxidative degradation, limiting its direct application in functional foods. In recent studies, lotus seed starch (LS) was employed as a protective carrier to form LS-ALA complexes via dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) at 180 MPa, achieving uniform encapsulation and enhanced physicochemical stability.
The LS-ALA complex displayed high crystallinity and thermal resistance, with an ALA content of 14.84 ± 0.16 %. DHPM treatment reduced starch's short-range molecular order while increasing solubility, and resistant starch content reached 17.42 ± 0.49 %, suggesting improved digestibility modulation. In vitro digestion studies demonstrated that the crystalline structure of the complex remained intact, with ALA content in the residual complex increasing and the fatty acid carboxyl peak becoming more pronounced, indicating effective protection of ALA during gastrointestinal simulation.
The preparation involved dispersing LS in water (6 % w/v) and ALA in anhydrous ethanol (6 % of starch dry weight), followed by seven cycles of DHPM processing under temperature-controlled conditions (<70 °C), centrifugation, ethanol washing, and freeze-drying to yield the final LS-ALA complex.
These findings highlight the critical interactions between ALA and starch, establishing a scalable and reproducible approach for stabilizing polyunsaturated fatty acids. The LS-ALA complex not only preserves ALA against oxidation but also enhances its bioaccessibility, providing a foundation for functional food development and targeted nutrient delivery systems.
Alli, Abdulkadir, et al. Materials Today Chemistry 44 (2025): 102602.
Linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, was employed as a precursor for the synthesis of hydroxylated polymeric linolenic acid (PLinoOH), a multifunctional bioactive material with notable antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. Initially, ALA underwent autoxidation under ambient conditions over 90 days, producing polymeric linolenic acid (PLino) enriched with peroxide, epoxide, and hydroperoxide functional groups. This polymerization step effectively increased molecular weight and introduced reactive sites for subsequent chemical modification.
The PLino was then subjected to hydroxylation via reaction with diethanolamine at 90 °C for 24 h, converting peroxide and epoxide moieties into hydroxyl groups, yielding PLinoOH. The product was purified through acetone dissolution and petroleum ether precipitation, followed by vacuum drying. Structural analyses confirmed successful functionalization, providing hydroxyl-rich macromolecules suitable for cryogel fabrication.
HEMA-based cryogels incorporating PLinoOH were synthesized and characterized for cytocompatibility, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity. The cryogels displayed high biocompatibility toward human embryonic kidney cells, with no detectable genotoxic effects. Antibacterial and antifungal assays revealed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while analyses of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) demonstrated species-specific modulation of polysaccharide, protein, and uronic acid content.
This study highlights the application of linolenic acid as a versatile building block for producing hydroxylated polymeric derivatives with enhanced bioactivity, enabling the development of antimicrobial and antibiofilm cryogels for biomedical applications.
Li, Songtao, et al. Phytomedicine (2025): 157310.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been investigated as a dietary-based adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemoresistance in CRC is often associated with the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the accumulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which support tumor growth and drug resistance.
In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that ALA treatment suppresses stemness in chemoresistant CRC cells, reducing the expression of key stemness markers, including CD44 and SOX2. Functional assays demonstrated that ALA decreased tumor sphere size and disrupted CSC-associated signaling pathways, particularly WNT and NOTCH networks, as evidenced by GSVA and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, ALA downregulates SPP1 expression, disrupting its interaction with the downstream receptor CD44, thereby attenuating chemotherapy resistance. Reduced SPP1 levels further impair FAP expression, limiting CAF accumulation and remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
Comparative studies indicated that ALA extracted from quinoa exhibits superior activity in reversing chemoresistance compared to other polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA). KEGG pathway enrichment analyses corroborated the association of ALA treatment with suppression of stemness-related signaling pathways, providing mechanistic insight into its efficacy.
These findings highlight alpha-linolenic acid as a promising nutritional adjuvant that reverses chemoresistance by targeting both CSC properties and tumor stromal components. This study provides a compelling rationale for integrating ALA into dietary strategies to potentiate chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer.
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