Cui, Yuxin, et al. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 976 (2025): 118797.
Hydroxyethyl urea, a well-known moisturizer in cosmetics, has recently been explored as a multifunctional additive in hydrogel electrolytes for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Its strong hydrogen bonding ability enables it to modify the solvation structure of Zn²⁺ ions, inhibit dendrite formation, and lower the freezing point of electrolytes, significantly improving battery performance in extreme cold conditions.
In this study, a hydrogel electrolyte (HHE gel) was synthesized by crosslinking polyacrylamide (PAM) with hydroxyethyl urea, forming a robust antifreeze electrolyte. Compared to conventional PAM hydrogel electrolytes, the HHE gel exhibited enhanced electrochemical stability at -40 °C. The hydrogen bonding interactions disrupted the original water network, reducing the amount of free water and effectively lowering the electrolyte's freezing point. Additionally, hydroxyethyl urea facilitated Zn²⁺ solvation, suppressing dendrite growth and side reactions.
The Zn//Zn symmetric cell utilizing the HHE gel electrolyte demonstrated remarkable cycling stability, sustaining over 3000 hours at 1 mA cm⁻² at -40 °C. In full-cell configurations, Zn//NH₄V₄O₁₀ retained 84% capacity after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g and achieved a specific capacity of 195.14 mAh/g at 50 mA/g, maintaining 100% retention after 300 cycles at -40 °C.
This study highlights hydroxyethyl urea as a simple yet effective strategy for improving low-temperature ZIB performance, offering a promising solution for energy storage in harsh environments.
What is the product name of CAS number 2078-71-9?
The product name is Hydroxyethyl urea.
What are some synonyms for Hydroxyethyl urea?
Some synonyms for Hydroxyethyl urea are Urea, (2-hydroxyethyl)- and (beta-Hydroxyethyl)urea.
What is the molecular weight of Hydroxyethyl urea?
The molecular weight of Hydroxyethyl urea is 104.11.
What is the molecular formula of Hydroxyethyl urea?
The molecular formula of Hydroxyethyl urea is C3H8N2O2.
What is the percentage of actives in Hydroxyethyl urea?
The percentage of actives in Hydroxyethyl urea is 95%.
What is the physical state of Hydroxyethyl urea?
The physical state of Hydroxyethyl urea is solid.
What are some typical applications of Hydroxyethyl urea?
Some typical applications of Hydroxyethyl urea are its use as a dispersing agent and as a hydrotrope.
How is Hydroxyethyl urea commonly used in industrial applications?
Hydroxyethyl urea is commonly used as a dispersing agent and hydrotrope in industrial applications.
What is the CAS number of Hydroxyethyl urea?
The CAS number of Hydroxyethyl urea is 2078-71-9.
Why is Hydroxyethyl urea useful as a dispersing agent?
Hydroxyethyl urea is useful as a dispersing agent due to its ability to effectively disperse substances evenly in a solution.
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