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Wang, Qingwu, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 215 (2022): 450-464.
Polyoxyethylene stearate (PEOS) was employed as a key functional modifier in the preparation of bioactive chitosan/alginate composites for advanced hemostatic applications. Traditional hemostatic materials often suffer from poor blood absorption, insufficient antibacterial activity, and limited adaptability to irregular wounds. The integration of PEOS into chitosan enhances the solubility, flexibility, and interfacial properties of the polymer, enabling the formation of high-performance composites.
Experimental Approach:
Chitosan was chemically modified with PEOS via NHS/EDC-mediated coupling to generate PEOS-modified chitosan (PSCS). The PSCS was then crosslinked with multi-aldehyde sodium alginate (MASA) through in-situ Schiff base reaction, forming chitosan/alginate (CSA) composites. Flexible wood membranes (FWM), treated with NaOH/Na2SO3 to remove hemicellulose and lignin, were loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to provide antibacterial activity and serve as a supporting scaffold. The CSA solution containing Ca²⁺ was subsequently coated onto AgNPs-FWM to yield the final CSA/AgNPs-FWM composites.
Results and Implications:
The resulting composites exhibited rapid hemostasis in vivo (26 s), reduced blood loss (67.8 mg), and a low blood clotting index (2.6 ± 1.3%), outperforming conventional materials. The PEOS modification contributed to the synergistic interaction between hydrophobic alkane chains, amino groups, and blood components, enhancing blood absorption and clot formation. Furthermore, the composites displayed excellent mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, making them suitable for complex and irregular wound sites.
This study demonstrates that polyoxyethylene stearate plays a crucial role in enabling the preparation of multifunctional hemostatic composites, offering a scalable and clinically relevant approach for rapid hemorrhage control and infection prevention.
Yacob, Abdul Rahim, Abdu Muhammad Bello, and Kamaluddeen Suleiman Kabo. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9.2 (2016): 297-304.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (PS) was employed as a surfactant in the synthesis of high-purity mesoporous γ-alumina via acid extraction from Kano kaolin. Traditional kaolin-derived alumina often suffers from limited surface area, broad pore size distribution, and irregular morphology. Incorporation of PS above its critical micelle concentration (>97.8 μM) enabled controlled templating of mesopores, resulting in significant enhancement of physical properties and structural uniformity.
Experimental Approach:
Kano kaolin was calcined at 750 °C to form metakaolin, followed by acid leaching with 6 M HCl and subsequent conversion to NaAlO₂ via alkaline treatment. Impurities including Fe³⁺ and Mg²⁺ were removed by selective precipitation. The alumina precursor was mixed with an aqueous PS solution (1.8 g in 100 mL water) for 19 hours and aged for 2 days at room temperature. The precipitate was filtered, washed, dried at 120 °C, and calcined at 500 °C to yield Al₂O₃-PS-500. For comparison, an alumina sample was prepared without PS (Al₂O₃-500).
Results and Implications:
PS-modified alumina exhibited a surface area increase from 169.0 to 222.7 m²/g, pore size enlargement from 4.4 to 5.6 nm, and pore volume enhancement from 0.32 to 0.45 cm³/g. Crystallite size increased from 2.68 to 3.33 nm, indicating improved structural uniformity. The PS surfactant acted as a template to optimize pore formation and surface properties, demonstrating its efficacy in producing high-performance mesoporous alumina.
This study illustrates that polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is an effective structure-directing agent for the preparation of mesoporous γ-alumina with enhanced surface area, controlled porosity, and improved crystallinity, offering potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, and advanced material technologies.
Bello, Abdu Muhammad, and Abdul Rahim Yacob. SN Applied Sciences 3.1 (2021): 45.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (PS) was employed as a structure-directing surfactant in the synthesis of mesoporous γ-alumina from kaolin, an abundant and non-toxic precursor, to enhance surface area, pore uniformity, and catalytic performance. The study investigated the effects of varying PS concentration (0.45-4.5 g) and aging time (1-3 days) on the structural properties of the alumina.
Experimental Approach:
Kaolin was calcined at 750 °C to form metakaolin and then acid-leached with 6 M HCl to extract alumina. Following impurity removal by alkaline precipitation, NaAlO₂ solutions were treated with varying amounts of PS and aged under controlled conditions. Subsequent pH adjustment to 7 induced boehmite precipitation, which was filtered, washed, dried at 110 °C, and calcined at 500 °C to yield mesoporous alumina, denoted Al-X-Y according to PS content and aging time. For comparison, alumina without PS (Al-500) was also prepared.
Results and Implications:
Optimal conditions (1.8 g PS, 2-day aging; Al-1.8-2) produced alumina with a surface area of 319.2 m²/g, pore diameter of 2.7 nm, and pore volume of 0.42 cm³/g. Subsequent NaOH doping (15%) created a 15-Na/Al-1.8-2 catalyst with increased basic sites and maintained structural integrity. Applied in methanolysis reactions, the catalyst achieved 99.46% biodiesel yield, demonstrating excellent activity attributed to enhanced mesostructure and high surface accessibility.
This study confirms that polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is an effective surfactant for the preparation of high-performance mesoporous γ-alumina, enabling superior catalytic performance in biodiesel production and offering a scalable, environmentally benign synthesis route.
What is the product name of the substance with CAS number 9004-99-3?
The product name is Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate.
What is the synonym for Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The synonym is Polyethylene glycol monostearate.
What is the IUPAC name of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The IUPAC Name is 2-Hydroxyethyl octadecanoate.
What is the molecular formula of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The molecular formula is (C2H4O)n.C18H36O2.
What is the structure of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate shown as in SMILES notation?
The structure is CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO.
What is the InChI Key of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The InChI Key is InChI=1S/C20H40O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-20(22)23-19-18-21/h21H,2-19H2,1H3.
What is the melting point of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The melting point is 47 °C.
What is the flash point of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The flash point is 39 °C.
What is the percentage of actives present in Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The percentage of actives is 95%.
What are the typical applications of Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate?
The typical applications include being used as an emulsifier and dispersing agent.
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