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Liao, Yuan, et al. Toxicology 430 (2020): 152341.
D-Glucuronolactone (GA) has been evaluated as a neuroprotective agent against para-xylene (PX)-induced neurotoxicity in the developing optic tectum of Xenopus laevis. PX exposure at 1 mM for 48 h selectively impaired HuC/D-positive neurons, reducing total dendritic branch length (TDBL) and visual stimulation-induced excitatory compound synaptic currents (eCSCs), while progenitor and radial glial cells remained relatively unaffected. Notably, postsynaptic receptor proteins GluA1 and GluA2 were significantly downregulated, whereas presynaptic proteins Rab3a and SNAP25 remained unchanged, indicating specific deficits in synaptic structure and function.
Experimental procedure:
1. Tectal neurons were transfected with BiCS2-GFP for in vivo imaging.
2. PX-treated tadpoles were incubated with 1 mM PX for 48 h, and the same neurons were imaged at 0 h and 48 h for dendritic arbor reconstruction.
3. Cotreatment experiments involved simultaneous incubation of PX (1 mM) and GA (1 mg/mL) for 48 h.
4. Dendritic growth metrics (TDBL and total branch tip number, TBTN) and electrophysiological recordings were analyzed to assess structural and functional recovery.
Results demonstrated that GA completely rescued PX-induced deficits in dendritic arborization and synaptic function, restoring both TDBL and eCSCs to levels comparable to controls. Moreover, visual experience-dependent structural and behavioral plasticity was reinstated following GA cotreatment. These findings indicate that D-Glucuronolactone is a promising candidate for mitigating PX-induced developmental neurotoxicity, supporting its potential application in protecting neural circuits against environmental neurotoxicants.
Li, Xue, et al. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 680 (2025): 552-571.
Glucuronolactone Used for Enhancing Performance and Stability of Aqueous Magnesium-Air Batteries
Glucuronolactone (GLD) has been employed as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to improve the discharge performance and durability of aqueous magnesium-air batteries. Severe anode self-corrosion and accumulation of discharge products typically limit the practical efficiency of these batteries. GLD addresses these issues by forming a water-deficient solvated sheath around Mg2+ ions and reorganizing the hydrogen-bonding network of water, reducing free water activity and suppressing self-corrosion.
Experimental procedure:
1. GLD was added to aqueous electrolytes at concentrations up to 0.3 M, and Mg anodes (AZ31, LA103Z, VW83, VW103) were immersed to assess interfacial modifications.
2. Electrostatic potential mapping and theoretical calculations were conducted to evaluate interactions between GLD functional groups and Mg2+, revealing strong complexation and displacement of water molecules.
3. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between GLD and water molecules were quantified, demonstrating binding energies (-53.29 kJ·mol-1) exceeding those of water-water hydrogen bonds (-22.22 kJ·mol-1).
4. Battery performance was measured at various current densities, showing that GLD-containing electrolytes increased specific energy to 1952.70 Wh·kg-1 and extended cycle life by sevenfold compared to blank electrolytes.
These results highlight GLD's dual function: stabilizing the Mg anode surface via complexation and hydrogen-bond modulation while simultaneously forming a robust electric double layer and solid-electrolyte interphase. GLD's universal applicability across different Mg anodes underscores its potential as a practical strategy to enhance energy density, cycling stability, and overall efficiency in aqueous magnesium-air batteries, providing both theoretical insight and experimental validation for electrolyte engineering.
Chen, Po-Ju, et al. Journal of Functional Foods 14 (2015): 154-162.
D-Glucuronolactone (GL), a naturally occurring lactone in plant gums, has been investigated for its hepatoprotective effects against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. This study explored GL's capacity to attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrotic progression in vivo.
Experimental procedure:
1. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with TAA (100 mg·kg⁻¹ bw) to induce liver fibrosis, followed by oral supplementation of D-glucuronolactone (75 mg·kg⁻¹ bw) over the experimental period.
2. Liver function markers, including AST and ALT, were measured to evaluate hepatocellular injury.
3. Antioxidant defense was assessed via enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (GSH) levels, and trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC).
4. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, NF-κB, AP-1, KLF-6) and fibrosis-associated genes (α-SMA, COLα1) were quantified through molecular assays. Histopathological examinations were performed to assess collagen deposition and liver architecture.
Results demonstrated that GL supplementation significantly reduced AST levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (p < 0.05). In parallel, pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic gene expressions were downregulated, leading to decreased collagen accumulation and ameliorated liver histopathology.
These findings indicate that D-glucuronolactone exerts hepatoprotective effects via dual mechanisms: anti-fibrotic action through inhibition of collagen synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of cytokines and oxidative stress. GL's multifaceted protective role underscores its potential as a functional ingredient for the prevention and mitigation of chemically induced liver fibrosis, providing both biochemical and histological evidence of efficacy.
What is the CAS number of Glucuronolactone?
The CAS number of Glucuronolactone is 32449-92-6.
What are some synonyms for Glucuronolactone?
Some synonyms for Glucuronolactone are D-Glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone; D-Glucuronolactone; and D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone.
What is the molecular weight of Glucuronolactone?
The molecular weight of Glucuronolactone is 176.12.
What is the molecular formula of Glucuronolactone?
The molecular formula of Glucuronolactone is C6H8O6.
What is the purity level of Glucuronolactone?
The purity level of Glucuronolactone is 95%.
In what physical state does Glucuronolactone exist?
Glucuronolactone exists in a solid physical state.
What are the typical applications of Glucuronolactone?
Glucuronolactone is typically used as an emulsion stabilizer and dispersing agent.
How can Glucuronolactone be utilized as an emulsion stabilizer?
Glucuronolactone can be added to emulsions to increase their stability and prevent separation of components.
What role does Glucuronolactone play as a dispersing agent?
Glucuronolactone aids in dispersing particles evenly throughout a solution, preventing clumping or settling.
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