Maddinedi, Sireesh Babu, et al. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 126 (2014): 227-231.
The synthesis of casein-reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) was completed under reflux at 90 °C for 7 hours, resulting in a small amount of layered graphene oxide nanosheets.
Reaction Mechanism: The casein molecules bind to the graphene surface through amino groups and stabilize the graphene via their surface carboxyl groups. The aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues of the casein molecules are responsible for reducing the graphene oxide.
Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide: Approximately 2 grams of casein powder were added to 200 mL of graphene oxide (GO) solution (1 mg/mL), and the mixture was manually shaken to ensure thorough mixing. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 12 using NH4OH solution. The resulting suspension was refluxed in a 90 °C water bath for about 7 hours. The color of the GO changed from yellow-brown to black (also confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy), indicating the reduction of GO was complete.
Wang, Ying, et al. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 103 (2019): 104597.
A porous LaMnO3 perovskite was successfully prepared using casein as a template to control the morphology through a biomaterial templating method. Compared to bulk LaMnO3 perovskite, the resulting porous LaMnO3 perovskite exhibits smaller grain size, larger surface area (30.3 m²/g), and larger average pore size (23 nm), which helps reduce the recombination of photo-generated carriers, provides more reaction sites, and enhances mass transfer.
Preparation of LaMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst: A typical porous LaMnO3 perovskite was synthesized using casein as the biological template. During the synthesis process, 0.1 g of casein was dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water and stirred for 15 minutes, then 3 mL of dilute ammonia solution was added at room temperature. Mn(NO₃)₂ and La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (molar ratio 1:1) were dissolved in 3 mL of water, and citric acid (citric acid/total metal molar ratio = 8:5) was added. The casein solution was then added under stirring, followed by heating in a water bath at 80 °C for 30 minutes. The solution was dried overnight at 80 °C, and the precursor was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 700 °C for 3 hours with a heating rate of 2 °C/min to obtain the LaMnO3 perovskite catalyst (LM1).
To investigate the effect of casein concentration on the synthesis of LaMnO3 perovskite catalyst, different amounts of casein (0.05 g, 0.2 g, and 0.3 g) were added under the same conditions to synthesize LaMnO3 perovskite.
Marcano, Rossana Gabriela Vásquez, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 260 (2024): 129471.
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a widely used antifungal agent; however, its clinical application is limited due to severe side effects and nephrotoxicity associated with parenteral administration. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using food-grade materials as innovative components for nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. This study presents the synthesis of gliadin/casein nanoparticles (AmB_GliCas NPs) encapsulating AmB via the antisolvent precipitation method.
Preparation of Gliadin-Casein Nanoparticles Containing Amphotericin B (AmB_GliCas NPs): Different concentrations (0.5%, 1.25%, or 2% weight ratio) of gliadin solution were prepared in 70% ethanol, while AmB was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The organic phase was composed of a mixture of the gliadin solution (2, 3, or 4 mL) and 150 μL of the AmB solution. This mixture was injected into the aqueous phase containing casein solution (0.5%, 0.75%, or 1% weight ratio) in 10, 15, or 20 mL of water under continuous stirring at 1200 rpm and 25 °C using a syringe. The resulting dispersion was stirred for an additional 10 minutes. To crosslink the nanoparticles, 250 μL of 1 mg/mL 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) aqueous solution was added to the dispersion and stirred for 1 hour. The organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator (30 minutes, 150 rpm, 40 °C), and the nanoparticles were centrifuged at 25,240 g for 20 minutes at 15 °C (Hermle - Z36HKl) to remove unencapsulated AmB and residual casein. The obtained AmB_GliCas NPs were suspended in ultrapure water and stored at 8 °C.
What is the molecular formula of Casein?
The molecular formula of Casein is C47H48N3NaO7S2.
What is the CAS number of Casein?
The CAS number of Casein is 9000-71-9.
What are some synonyms for Casein?
Some synonyms for Casein are Milk protein and casein.
What is the melting point of Casein?
The melting point of Casein is 280 °C (dec.)(lit.).
In what physical state is Casein typically found?
Casein is typically found in a solid physical state.
What is the appearance of Casein?
Casein has an appearance of purified powder.
What is the percentage of actives in Casein?
The percentage of actives in Casein is 80%.
What are some typical applications of Casein?
One typical application of Casein is as an antistatic agent.
How can Casein be represented chemically?
Casein can be represented chemically as C47H48N3NaO7S2.
What is another common name for Casein besides milk protein?
Another common name for Casein besides milk protein is simply casein.
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